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In this 33-page, 32-exhibit case study, “Headlands Technologies: Return of the Pioneers," Alphacution details the paradox of one of the newest liquidity providers in US equities while simultaneously being one of its most consequential pioneers. Follow Matt Andresen's journey from Island ECN to the early incarnation of Citadel Securities to the launch of Headlands, where he and team spent a decade - racking up success after success as a liquidity provider in other products, asset classes, and regions - before returning to US equities, where it all began... Competitors should pay close attention...

In this 27-page, 20-exhibit case study, "US Equity Options - Top 100 Institutional Customer List, Q3 2024," Alphacution ranks a group of 111 institutional US equity option participants - including banks, brokers, hedge funds, asset managers, and proprietary trading firms - by 5 factors, including total notional long option value, long option positions, average long notional option position value, long option contracts, and average long option contracts per position (aggregated per underlying) - all of which, as of September 30, 2024. This study complements Alphacution's case study, "US Equity Option Market Makers: Core Strategies and Market Shares."

In this 187-page, 213-exhibit, 45,000-word case study, “US Equity Option Market Makers: Core Strategies and Market Shares, 2019 – 2023,” Alphacution publishes its most comprehensive analysis to date based on the modeling of 17 proprietary trading firms who serve variously as market makers in US equity derivatives across the backdrop of 5 interconnected product classes in futures and options. The objective of this research project was to shed new light on US equity option market mechanics by exploring the products, players and strategies that comprise the dramatic increase in total contract volume – with specific emphasis on the 5-year focus period, 2019 – 2023 , that symbolizes the beginning of a new era in US equity option trading… After a detailed introductory setup, this report is organized in 3 sections: First, market composition is presented to showcase the volumes and interconnected nature of all relevant US equity derivative product classes. Second, a new strategy factor library is leveraged to highlight core strategy preferences of the 17 members of the “featured option market making group,” wherever applicable. And third, based on interpretations from the prior sections, the output of a 2-factor model, that hinges on estimates of weighted average annual trading velocity per market maker, drives the volume share estimates – together, all of which yielding innumerable discoveries and insights about these players and this ecosystem… Though the unprecedented scale of this case study is indicative, this is Alphacution’s current version of a masterpiece; the new crown jewel of a unique research library developed by hand, exclusively with publicly-available data (with the exception of certain daily market data samples), over years of consistent focus, patience and curiosity… This and related case studies are available to premium and enterprise subscribers or via individual document purchase…

In this brief 6-page, 6-exhibit case study teaser, Alphacution presents its estimates for the overall market share of US listed equity derivatives volume represented by Susquehanna Securities, the affiliate of legendary options trading powerhouse, Susquehanna International Group (SIG), that's home to the group's US market making operation. This report is presented in the context of Alphacution's forthcoming case study on option market makers' share of US listed equity derivatives which will include Alphacution's market share estimates for Citadel Securities, Optiver US, LLC, and IMC Financial Markets, among many others. A PDF download version of this report is available to Enterprise Subscribers upon request.

In this 72-page, 75-exhibit, 17,400-word case study, "The Transformation of Belvedere," Alphacution publishes its findings on equity index option specialist, Chicago-based Belvedere Trading. Founded in 2002 with a current team of ~300 employees, Belvedere's story represents a unique addition to the Alphacution research library due to the significant strategy transformation it has undergone over the past few years while maintaining its strengths in SPX options. This case study also showcases certain achievements, trading revenue (sample), risk framework, and trading preferences, as well as key comparisons and new context on the US-based strategies of legendary Amsterdam-based option houses, Optiver and IMC Financial Markets, and new insights on the boom in zero days to expiry (0DTE) options and their impacts on a broader constellation of US option market makers...

In this 98-page, 115-exhibit, 22,400-word case study, "IMC: International Marketmakers Combination," Alphacution publishes its findings on global option market maker and equity index option specialist, Amsterdam-based IMC BV and its affiliates, including - most notably - its US-based affiliate, IMC-Chicago, LLC (often known as IMC Financial Markets). Founded in 1989 by two floor traders on Amsterdam's European Options Exchange, today IMC is one of only three Tier I proprietary trading firms with legacy in the 1980's - along with legendary option trading houses, Philadelphia-based Susquehanna International Group, LLP and Amsterdam-based Optiver BV - and one of only eight "prop firms" globally with more than 1,000 employees. Beyond showcasing certain achievements, revenue, risk framework, and trading preferences of IMC, this case study - Alphacution's 17th such report showcasing the world's leading technology-enhanced trading firms - also provides context for the boom in zero days to expiry (0DTE) options and its impacts on a constellation of US option market makers... This and related case studies are available to premium and enterprise subscribers or via individual document purchase...

In this 34-page, 36-exhibit, 6,400-word Focus Note, "European ETP Spread Analysis For Systematic Internalisers," Alphacution publishes its findings from the core research objectives of this project: 1) credibly quantify the theoretical "gross" spread value for ETPs traded on LSEG, 2) credibly quantify the portion of this value for SIs, and 3) illuminate or elevate any other clues about the trading preferences of SIs. To our delight, this research produced an outline for a composite model of SI/wholesaler trading preferences - given that the underlying techniques are portable. Check it out... This and related case studies are available to premium and enterprise subscribers or via individual document purchase.

In this 87-page, 83-exhibit, 22,700-word case study, "XTX [Invades] Markets," Alphacution publishes its findings - a truly incredible story - about the youngest proprietary trading company to cross the $1 billion revenue threshold in the modern markets era - and the founder, Alex Gerko, who has led that run. Based in London and breaking into the top 10 ranks of overall FX traders before its second birthday, conventional reporting states that XTX Markets Limited was spun out of quant hedge fund manager, GSA Capital Partners, in 2015. This is mostly true. However, the full story of Gerko and his XTX group has never properly been told. In this case study, Alphacution has gone further than it’s ever gone before. Finding data in places like Singapore, France, and India - places where XTX has staked satellites of Gerko’s vision - to paint a clearer picture of how, and maybe why, the company has managed to become so expansive in such a short period of time. Alphacution will not be the last to tell a more complete version of XTX’s story, but we may be the first to attempt it. Our version of that story, the beginnings of which are known to very few insiders, starts in October 2010... This and related case studies are available to premium subscribers or via individual document purchase.

In this 19-page, 15-exhibit, 2,800-word case study, "The Proprietary Traders, Part I - Global Roster and Select Rankings," Alphacution publishes the first installment of its research series designed to explore the secretive yet influential community of nearly 100 proprietary trading firms spread across the world today, from traditional cash equities market makers to cryptocurrency market makers and liquidity providers. In Part I, Alphacution presents its global roster of proprietary trading firms - including rankings from select perspectives - set against the backdrop of its foundational market ecosystem map and illustrations of the unique importance of this community of "structural alpha' trading firms. Subsequent installments of this research series will focus on themes like revenue estimation, financial asset rankings, strategy mix, portfolio construction parameters, competitive analyses and related topics. This and related case studies are available to premium subscribers or via individual document purchase.

In this updated 75-page, 77-exhibit chart book, “The Chicago Trading Company with Appendix on European Trading,” Alphacution continues its focus on the explosion of activity in US option markets with a deep dive into another leading option trading firm, CTC, LLC.  In this report, Alphacution leverages evolving modeling capabilities to explore its first example of a proprietary trading firm with core concentration in index options along with the peripheral suite of cash, futures and other option products used to capture volatility arbitrage opportunities. In addition, this version of the report is published with an appendix that details key aspects of the firm's London-based affiliate, CTC London Limited. Furthermore, this research sets the stage to potentially identify (and rank) other large index option players with similar strategies where the regulatory data is not specifically disclosing exposures to index options. The complete chart book is available to premium subscribers or via individual document purchase.